Oil is often viewed as a proxy for economic health. In a growing
economy, energy consumption increases. This increased demand generally
pressures prices higher. Likewise, a decline in oil prices often
accompanies declining demand.
That's
a greatly oversimplified view, of course. It ignores such important
issues such as Middle East tensions, weather and refinery anomalies,
etc.
But, the most important of these external factors is the US dollar -- the currency by which oil is traded globally (for now.)
A
weakening dollar is great for the many US companies that export
overseas. In general, it makes dollar denominated assets -- such as
stocks, real estate, etc -- more attractive to overseas investors which
helps the US attract and retain capital.
But, it makes
foreign-sourced oil much more expensive. This isn't an issue if you
travel everywhere via America's world-class public transportation
system. But, it really sucks for the guy with a 3-ton SUV -- or anyone
who consumes anything made overseas, for that matter. Imports are about
18% of GDP.
So, what's a central banker to do? Boost stocks and
investment in US assets, and there's a pretty good chance you blow the
budget of every American consumer. (Of course, it only
really affects those who eat and drive -- hey, buy a Chevy Volt already!)
Boost
the dollar to make gas and food more affordable for the 50 million
Americans living in poverty (1 in 5 children, 2 in 5 African American
children), and you risk a true disaster -- a stock market decline.
Never fear... Bernanke and his fellow Guardians of the American Dream know whose bread to butter.
The
chart below shows how crude light, the US dollar and the S&P 500
correlated over the past seven years. In 2006 and 2007, oil and the
stock market soared pretty much in sync while the dollar took it on the
chin. When SPX topped in late 2007, oil kept right on soaring --
because the dollar was still plunging. Nationwide, gas hit $4.12/gallon
in the summer of 2008.
We're
all conditioned to think of dollar strength as a function of risk off.
But, as the financial crisis worsened, the dollar couldn't catch a
bid. Money fled to the euro, the swiss franc, the sterling --
anywhere
but the dollar. There were several best-sellers on bookstore (remember
those? shelves that advised putting every last cent into the euro.
From
October 2007, when SPX peaked, until July 2008, stocks and the dollar
moved pretty much in tandem. But, as euro zone problems became more
apparent, the dollar finally bottomed. In August, as stocks began
sliding again, the dollar finally took off. Now deemed a safe haven, DX
soared 27% by March of 2009, while stocks shed another 54% in value
(58% in all.)
Of course, this did a number on oil -- already
reeling from declining global demand. CL plunged an astounding 78% in
only six months -- from 147 to 33. Fortunately for the stock market --
and especially the oil industry -- Ben Bernanke came to the rescue. The
first round of QE was a resounding success and both promptly reversed.
In
the first three months alone, CL more than doubled to 73. SPX added on
a respectable 44%. And the dollar took one for the team, shedding an
initial 13% on its way to an 18% loss.
So, why the history
lesson? By now most of you have noticed a slight discrepancy over the
past 3 1/2 years. Oil and the dollar have formed triangles. They've
had their ups and downs, but in general the highs have been getting
lower and the lows getting higher. I use the term "coiling" because
eventually prices won't be able to compress anymore.
This pent-up
energy will eventually be released in the form of sharply higher or
lower prices, though it won't necessarily happen tomorrow. Both have
drawn close to one side of the pattern, but there's still plenty of room
for a reversal.
Oil, if it doesn't suddenly shoot higher, will probably bounce back down. Likewise, the dollar is poised to bounce higher.
Stocks,
on the other hand, have made a series of higher highs and higher lows
in what's known as a rising wedge. These patterns also can't last
forever, and they almost always resolve to the downside.
Prices
are much closer to the upper bound than the lower, which also suggests
the next major move will be lower. In fact, when rising wedges break
down, they typically target their origin. Needless to say, a return to
2009 or even 2010 prices would be a huge blow to the rosy scenario TPTB
are crafting.
Does
oil offer any hints as to which way prices are likely to go? I'm
drawn to a few periods in particular. From June 2009 to May 2010, oil
gained 19% compared to SPX's 27%. Yet, they both shed roughly 20% in
the May - June 2010 correction.
We had another round of QE, which
collapsed the dollar and sent stocks up 36% and oil up 70% through May
2011. This time, SPX corrected 22% and oil 35% (through Oct 2011.)
At
that point, CL sold off strongly -- dropping 23% through the end of
June. SPX, however, lagged. It lost 8%, then promptly regained 90% of
it in the next three weeks (compared to CL's 40% retracement.) When the
slide continued, however, SPX caught up -- in spades.
It lost 80%
of its gains from June 2010, while CL only lost about half that. SPX
then went on to make three new highs in a row, adding 38% through
today's close.
CL managed an 88% retracement of its May-October
losses for a 47% gain through Feb 2012, and has made two lower highs
(each a 61.8% retracement of the previous high) since then. Total gain
from Oct 2011: 27%. And, it's been a fairly neutral currency market.
I
can't help wondering what the oil and currency markets know that the
stock market doesn't. A look at the CL charts indicates more downside.
Will SPX again play catch-up?
Even ignoring what I suspect about the dollar and equity markets, CL presents a bearish picture.
Whether it breaks down or out, CL is obviously at a turning point. We'll keep an eye on it...